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Bass guitar
The bass guitar〔According to the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, an "Electric bass guitar (guitar ) () a Guitar, usually with four heavy strings tuned E1'-A1'-D2-G2." ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell (London, 2001)〕 (also called electric bass,〔The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians defines the term ''bass'' thus: "Bass (iv). A contraction of Double bass or Electric bass guitar." Ibid.〕〔The proper term is "electric bass", and it is often misnamed "bass guitar", according to Tom Wheeler, ''The Guitar Book'', pp 101–2. ''Guitars'' by Evans and Evans, page 342, agrees.〕〔Although "electric bass" is one of the common names for the instrument, "bass guitar" or "electric bass guitar" are commonly used and some authors claim that they are historically accurate (e.g., "How The Fender Bass Changed The World" in the references section).〕 or simply bass; ) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.
The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is usually tuned the same as the double bass,〔Bass guitar/Double Bass tuning E1=41.20 Hz, A1=55 Hz, D2=73.42 Hz, G2=98 Hz + optional low B0=30.87 Hz〕 which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G).〔Standard guitar tuning E2=82.41 Hz, A2=110 Hz, D3=146.8 Hz, G3=196 Hz, B3=246.9 Hz, E4=329.6 Hz〕 The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds (as is the double bass) to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the bass guitar is plugged into an amplifier and speaker for live performances.
Since the 1960s, the bass guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section.〔Roberts, Jim (2001). ('How The Fender Bass Changed the World' p. 56 ) "The surf/instrumental rock genres of the early 1960s were crucial proving grounds of the still-newfangled electric bass ..."〕 While types of bass lines vary widely from one style of music to another, the bassist usually fulfills a similar role: anchoring the harmonic framework and establishing the beat. Many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock and metal styles.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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